Chunk types
Natural: Nobody has reached the occupation threshold. Unowned. The starting state of every chunk.
Occupied: Someone (or an organization) has exceeded the occupation threshold, and every cardinal neighbor is still that owner's occupied or border land. This is the interior of a territory.
Border: The ring around occupied land that touches a chunk that is not the owner's. The land still belongs to the occupier, but it is easier to take than the interior.
Hostile border: Natural land immediately adjacent to a border. It belongs to nobody. In infection mode it is written by sampling; in spread mode it extends outward from the border (width is configurable).
Hostile occupied: Infection can rewrite natural / hostile-border chunks into hostile occupied chunks (`HOSTILE`). These are not hostile borders, and they do not belong to any player.
Safe: Special chunks that have been marked as such.
Death: Someone's score has fallen below the death threshold. Each later settlement restores part of the death penalty.
Demon: When a Nether or End portal is opened or activated, the chunk that contains the portal block becomes a demon chunk. Each settlement, every demon chunk has a 1% chance to spread to a random cardinal neighbor. Demon chunks overwrite any other type, and cannot themselves be overwritten by occupied, border, or similar states.
Multiplayer
Organizations follow the same scoring rules. Joining or leaving an organization also merges the player's claimed chunks into (or leaves them with) the organization, so groups can share territory without a separate claiming system.