A Crafting Station crafted with a vanilla crafting table on top of a barrel.
This block has a normal crafting inventory on top and a barrel's inventory below.
It can store items in the crafting grid. A stored recipes are visible on top of the block.
The barrel-like inventory below is accessible to hoppers, but the crafting inventory is not.
A new villager profession whose job site is the Crafting Station.
This villager type has no trades, but will use the Crafting Station to craft recipes if there is a valid recipe stored in the crafting grid and enough ingredients provided in the storage inventory below.
However, these villagers aren't very smart; they can only craft exactly the recipe you put in the grid (they won't make item tag substitutions), and they get confused when an ingredient isn't stackable.
They require food and sleep in order to work. For a continuously working Proletarian, about three meals a day is sufficient.
They're also a bit shy, so they'll stare at you instead of crafting when you're nearby (unless you're invisible). This is by design.
They don't like to idle around, so they'll spend less time idling/gossiping and more time working than other villagers.
You can speed up crafting by applying a speed status effect on them (with a Splash Potion of Swiftness, for example).
They won't craft if gamerule mobgriefing is disabled.