The experiment went awry. The world is gone... sealed away or lost to the void. You just managed to activate a failsafe in time, saving but the smallest portion of the world. But there is still hope - perhaps the world can still be repaired - chunk by chunk.
Chunk By Chunk is a mod that starts the world with just a single chunk (16x16 column of world), but provides the ability to grow the world, adding additional chunks over time.
Blocks:
There are two options for how the world is generated - missing chunks are either empty (making a skyworld), or are replaced with bedrock (sealing them). The default is sealed, mostly for less performance impact.
You can configure Chunk By Chunk from the main menu, using the Mods... menu prior to creating a world to configure the settings for that world. For fabric or quilt this requires the Mod Menu mod.